Shock
| Type | Causes |
|---|
| Anaphylactic | Allergic reactions |
| Cardiogenic | Poor heart function: myocardial infarction;
dysrhythmias; cardiac tamponade |
| Hypovolaemic | Low blood volume |
| Neurogenic | Nervous system damage or emotionally induced |
| Obstructive | Blood flow impeded by eg, pulmonary embolism |
| Toxic | Infections |
| Vascular | Decreased systemic vascular resistance (vasodilation) |
Symptoms...
- Confusion
- Agitation
- Thirst
- Nausea
- Dizziness
- Weakness
- Pallor
- Cyanosis
- Cold and moist skin
- Sweating
- Slow capillary refill time: > 2 secs
- Chest pain
- Hyperventilation
- Respiratory rate > 20 breaths/minute
- Tachycardia & weak pulse
- Reduced oxygen sats
- Low systolic BP (< 90 mm/Hg)
- Low urine output (< 0.5 ml/kg/hour)
- Acidosis
- Hypovolaemia
Priority treatment is oxygenation and raising the blood pressure.